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IMF’s recent engagements on infrastructure governance

Public Investment Management Assessment (PIMA) March 2023
Climate PIMA (C-PIMA) March 2023

 

 

Related Documents

PIMA and C-PIMA Technical Assistance Report

PIMA and C-PIMA Country Summary Assessment

 

 

 

Summary of PIMA report

(Published in November 2023)

 

With Pakistan’s rapid population growth and large diverse country, it is imperative that public infrastructure effectively supports economic growth and service delivery. In practice, public investment by the federal government, which accounts for less than half of all public investment in Pakistan, has tended to vary with economic conditions. Comparisons with peers suggests that Pakistan’s capital stock and efficiency of public investment are both relatively low. Ensuring public infrastructure is climate resilient is also critical given Pakistan’s exposure to climate risks. All modelled global warming scenarios suggest that Pakistan's weather patterns will become more unstable and severe. Increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather events such as floods, heatwaves, and droughts pose a significant threat to the country's infrastructure.

 

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Summary of C-PIMA report

(Published in November 2023)

 

Even under a scenario of declining global greenhouse gas emissions, average annual temperatures are expected to rise by 0.8 degrees in the next two decades in Pakistan. Climate change models for all global warming scenarios predict that Pakistan’s weather patterns will become more volatile and extreme. Under a high emissions climate scenario (SSP 3-7.0), the median annual temperature is predicted to rise 4.6 degrees above the 2015 level by the end of the century, and the number of days with temperatures above 40 degrees rising from around 60 to over 100. Precipitation is also projected to rise gradually under the high emissions scenario. This combination of rising temperatures, more extreme heat events, and rising precipitation present multi-dimensional, complex risks to infrastructure management.

 

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